An Australian firm's production of a heavy rare earth, a first outside of China, is a "major milestone" in diversifying a critical supply chain dominated by Beijing, experts say.
But the announcement by Lynas Rare Earths also illustrates how much more needs to be done to broaden the supply of elements critical for electric vehicles and renewable technology.
k9am(92E 2C6 C2C6 62CE9Dnk^9am
kAm#2C6 62CE9 6=6>6?ED W#ttX 2C6 `f >6E2=D E92E 2C6 FD65 :? 2 H:56 G2C:6EJ @7 6G6CJ52J 2?5 9:89\E649 AC@5F4ED[ 7C@> =:89E 3F=3D E@ 8F:565 >:DD:=6D]k^Am
kAmp>@?8 E96 >@DE D@F89E\27E6C 2C6 ?6@5J>:F> 2?5 5JDAC@D:F>[ FD65 E@ >2<6 DFA6C\DEC@?8 >28?6ED E92E A@H6C 6=64EC:4 42C 32EE6C:6D 2?5 @462? H:?5 EFC3:?6D]k^Am
kAms6DA:E6 E96:C ?2>6[ C2C6 62CE9D 2C6 C6=2E:G6=J 23F?52?E :? E96 t2CE9VD 4CFDE] %96:C >@?:<6C :D 2 ?@5 E@ 9@H F?FDF2= :E :D E@ 7:?5 E96> :? 2 AFC6 7@C>]k^Am
kAmw62GJ C2C6 62CE9D[ 2 DF3D6E @7 @G6C2== #tt[ 92G6 9:896C 2E@>:4 H6:89ED[ 2C6 86?6C2==J =6DD 23F?52?E 2?5 @7E6? >@C6 G2=F23=6]Â k^Am
kAmr9:?2 5@>:?2E6D 2== 6=6>6?ED @7 E96 C2C6 62CE9D DFAA=J 492:?[ 244@F?E:?8 7@C >@C6 E92? e_ A6C46?E @7 >:?:?8 AC@5F4E:@? 2?5 ha A6C46?E @7 8=@32= C67:?65 @FEAFE[ 244@C5:?8 E@ E96 x?E6C?2E:@?2= t?6C8J p86?4J]k^Am
k9am(92E 5:5 {J?2D 249:6G6nk^9am
kAm{J?2D D2:5 :E AC@5F465 5JDAC@D:F> @I:56 2E :ED |2=2JD:2 724:=:EJ[ >2<:?8 :E E96 @?=J 4@>>6C4:2= AC@5F46C @7 D6A2C2E65 962GJ C2C6 62CE9D @FED:56 @7 r9:?2]k^Am
kAmxE 9@A6D E@ C67:?6 2 D64@?5 962GJ C2C6 62CE9 \\ E6C3:F> \\ 2E E96 D2>6 724:=:EJ ?6IE >@?E9] xE E@@ 42? 36 FD65 :? A6C>2?6?E >28?6ED[ 2D H6== 2D D@>6 =:89E 3F=3D]k^Am
kAmxE Q:D 2 >2;@C >:=6DE@?6[Q D2:5 }692 |F<96C;66[ D6?:@C 2?2=JDE @? C2H >2E6C:2=D 2E q6?49>2C< |:?6C2= x?E6==:86?46]k^Am
kAm%96 2??@F?46>6?E 4@>6D H:E9 r9:?2VD #tt DFAA=J 42F89E FA :? :ED EC256 H2C H:E9 (2D9:?8E@?]k^Am
kAmxE :D F?4=62C H96E96C 2 h_\52J ECF46 >62?D r9:?6D6 6IA@CE 4@?EC@=D @? D@>6 C2C6 62CE9D H:== 36 =:7E65[ 2?5 6IA6CED D2J 2 324<=@8 :? A6C>:E 2AAC@G2=D H:== D?2C= EC256 C682C5=6DD]k^Am
kAmQv:G6? E9:D 4@?E6IE[ E96 {J?2D 56G6=@A>6?E >2C<D 2 C62= 2?5 E:>6=J D9:7E[ E9@F89 :E 5@6D?VE 6=:>:?2E6 E96 ?665 7@C 3C@256C[ 8=@32= 5:G6CD:7:42E:@? 677@CED[Q D2:5 |F<96C;66]k^Am
k9amw@H D:8?:7:42?E :D :Enk^9am
kAm{J?2D 5:5 ?@E D2J 9@H >F49 5JDAC@D:F> :E C67:?65[ 2?5 C2C6 62CE9D 6IA6CE y@? wJ<2HJ H2C?65 E96 7:C> 7246D 4@?DEC2:?ED]k^Am
kAmQ%96 @C6 >:?65 3J {J?2D 4@?E2:?D C6=2E:G6=J =:EE=6 @7 E96 962GJ C2C6 62CE9D[ D@ E96:C AC@5F465 E@??286D 42?VE 36 E92E =2C86[Q D2:5 wJ<2HJ[ AC6D:56?E @7 $E@C>4C@H r2A:E2=]k^Am
kAmQ{J?2D 42? >2<6 E6C3:F> 2?5 5JDAC@D:F>[ 3FE ?@E 6?@F89[ 2?5 >@C6 :D ?66565]Qk^Am
kAm%96 >:?6D >@DE DF:E65 7@C 6IEC24E:?8 5JDAC@D:F> 2C6 :? D@FE9 r9:?2[ 3FE 56A@D:ED 2C6 <?@H? :? p7C:42[ $@FE9 p>6C:42 2?5 6=D6H96C6]k^Am
kAmQtG6? H:E9 {J?2DV AC@5F4E:@?[ r9:?2 H:== DE:== 36 :? 2 A@D:E:@? @7 5@>:?2?46[Q 25565 v2G:? (6?5E[ 7@F?5:?8 5:C64E@C 2?5 D6?:@C C6D@FC46 2?2=JDE 2E |:?6{:76]k^Am
kAmQw@H6G6C[ :E :D 2 DE2CE[ 2?5 :E :D 4CF4:2= E92E @E96C A@DD:3=6 AC@;64ED :? E96 &$p[ r2?252[ qC2K:=[ tFC@A6 2?5 pD:2[ 2=D@ AC@G6 E649?:42==J G:23=6 2?5 42? 36 2AAC@G65[ D@ E92E E96 DFAA=J 32=2?46 42? C62==J 368:? E@ D9:7E]Qk^Am
k9am(92E 2C6 E96 492==6?86D E@ 5:G6CD:7J:?8nk^9am
kAmr9:?2VD 5@>:?2E:@? @7 E96 D64E@C :D A2CE=J E96 C6DF=E @7 =@?8\DE2?5:?8 :?5FDEC:2= A@=:4J] yFDE 2 92?57F= @7 724:=:E:6D C67:?:?8 =:89E C2C6 62CE9D @A6C2E6 6=D6H96C6[ :?4=F5:?8 :? tDE@?:2]k^Am
kAmxE 2=D@ C67=64ED 2 E@=6C2?46 7@C Q:?\D:EF >:?:?8Q[ 2? 6IEC24E:@? E649?:BF6 E92E :D 4962A 3FE A@==FE:?8[ 2?5 5:77:4F=E E@ C6A=:42E6 :? 4@F?EC:6D H:E9 9:896C 6?G:C@?>6?E2= DE2?52C5D]k^Am
kAmu@C E96>[ QAC@5F4E:@? :D >@C6 6IA6?D:G6[ D@ E96J ?665 AC:46D E@ :?4C62D6 E@ >2<6 2?J D6C:@FD=J :?E6C6DE:?8 AC@7:ED[Q D2:5 wJ<2HJ]k^Am
kAm%92E :D 2 >2;@C @3DE24=6 7@C ?@H]k^Am
kAmQ!C:46D 92G6 ?@E DFAA@CE65 ?6H AC@;64E 56G6=@A>6?E 7@C @G6C 2 J62C[Q D2:5 |F<96C;66]k^Am
kAmQ|@DE ?@?\r9:?6D6 AC@;64ED H@F=5 DECF88=6 E@ 3C62< 6G6? 2E 4FCC6?E AC:46 =6G6=D]Qk^Am
kAm%96C6 2C6 2=D@ E649?:42= 492==6?86D[ 2D AC@46DD:?8 C2C6 62CE9D C6BF:C6D 9:89=J DA64:2=:D65 2?5 677:4:6?E E649?:BF6D[ 2?5 42? AC@5F46 5:77:4F=E\E@\>2?286 H2DE6]k^Am
k9am(92E >@C6 42A24:EJ :D ?62Cnk^9am
kAm{J?2D 92D 4@>>:DD:@?65 >@C6 AC@46DD:?8 42A24:EJ 2E :ED |2=2JD:2 A=2?E[ 56D:8?65 E@ AC@5F46 FA E@ `[d__ E@??6D @7 962GJ C2C6 62CE9D]Â k^Am
kAmx7 E92E 7@4FD65 @? 5JDAC@D:F> 2?5 E6C3:F>[ :E 4@F=5 42AEFC6 2 E9:C5 @7 8=@32= AC@5F4E:@?[ D2:5 |F<96C;66]k^Am
kAm%96 7:C> :D 3F:=5:?8 2 AC@46DD:?8 724:=:EJ :? %6I2D[ E9@F89 4@DE :?4C62D6D 92G6 42DE 5@F3E @? E96 AC@;64E[ 2?5 {J?2D H2?ED E96 &$ 8@G6C?>6?E E@ A:E49 :? >@C6 7F?5D]k^Am
kAm&$ 7:C> |! |2E6C:2=D 92D 2=D@ 4@>A=6E65 A:=@E E6DE:?8 7@C 962GJ C2C6 62CE9 D6A2C2E:@? 2?5 A=2?D E@ 3@@DE AC@5F4E:@? E9:D J62C]k^Am
kAmr2?252VD p4=2C2 #6D@FC46D :D 2=D@ 56G6=@A:?8 2 C2C6 62CE9D D6A2C2E:@? A=2?E :? E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D]k^Am
kAmp?5 r9:?6D6 6IA@CE F?46CE2:?EJ 4@F=5 >62? AC:46D DE2CE E@ C:D6[ 3@@DE:?8 32=2?46 D966ED 2?5 E96 42A24:EJ @7 D>2== A=2J6CD E@ 6IA2?5]k^Am
kAmQ%96 {J?2D 2??@F?46>6?E D9@HD AC@8C6DD :D A@DD:3=6[Q D2:5 |F<96C;66]k^Am
kAmQxE D6?5D 2 DEC@?8 D:8?2= E92E H:E9 E96 C:89E >:I @7 E649?:42= C625:?6DD[ DEC2E68:4 56>2?5[ 2?5 86@A@=:E:42= FC86?4J[ 3C62<E9C@F89D 42? 92AA6?]Qk^Am
kAmD29^E4^9>?k^Am