Indonesia is hoping going nuclear can help it meet soaring energy demand while taming emissions, but faces serious challenges to its goal of a first small modular reactor by 2032.
Its first experiment with nuclear energy dates to February 1965, when then-president Sukarno inaugurated a test reactor.
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